Computerized Numerical Control

 Computerized Numerical Control

CNC:

CNC is a automated machining tool used to machine all shapes and sizes with high accuracy and precise dimension.

Types of CNC Machines:

1. CNC Turning Machine
2. CNC Milling Machine
1. Horizontal Machining Centre[HMC]
2. Vertical Machining Centre [VMC]
3. CNC Boring Machine
4. CNC water jet Machine
5. CNC Laser Cutting Machine

Basic necessary and commonly used G-Codes and M- Codes:

G - Codes:

        G-Codes are called as geometric codes or preparatory codes.

        

        The function of G Codes are to control the tool movement.

• G00 - Rapid Traverse/movement
• G01 - Linear Interpolation
• G02 - Circular Interpolation Clockwise
• G03 - Circular Interpolation Anti-Clockwise
• G04 - Dwell Time
• G17 - x y plane selection
• G18 - x z plane selection
• G19 - y z plane selection
• G40 - cutter radius compensation cancel
• G41 - cutter radius compensation left side
• G42 - cutter radius compensation right side
• G54 - G59 - Work offset numbers
• G64 - continuous cutting part
• G70 - Data Input in inches
• G71 - Data Input in mm
• G74 - Fixed Position
• G75 - Home Position / Reference Position
• G90 - Absolute Dimensioning
• G91 - Incremental Dimensioning
• G94 - feed rate in mm/min
• G95 - feed rate in mm/rev
• G96 - constant cutting speed or velocity

M- Codes:

    M Codes are called Machine codes or Miscellaneous codes.

    These codes are used for controlling the machine.

• M00 - Program Stop:
• In this the program stops and the code present below does not run even if the cycle start button is pressed.

• M01 - Program Optional Stop
• In this the program stops only if the optional stop button is on and the code below gets executed when the cycle start button is turned on

• M02 - Program end
• It indicates that the program has been ended and no code below it gets executed or looked by the software.

• M03 - Spindle Rotation Clockwise
• The word Spindle Rotation Clockwise state that the spindle rotates in Clockwise direction with given speed.

• M04 - Spindle Rotation Anti-Clockwise
• The word Spindle Rotation Anti-Clockwise state that the spindle rotates in Anti-Clockwise direction with given speed.

• M06 - Automatic tool Change
• By using the Automatic tool change command the tool mentioned above, it is placed at the cutting edge side for workpiece to do machining by replacing the position of tool.

• M08 / M07 - Automatic Coolant ON
• M09 - Automatic Coolant OFF
• M17 - sub Program End
• M30 - Program end & Rewind